Category: Uncategorized

Ultralearning

Posted on June 21, 2019 by - Uncategorized

Cheery Friday Greetings to our Learning How to Learners!

Book of the Month

Ultralearning: Master Hard Skills, Outsmart the Competition, and Accelerate Your Career, by Scott Young.  We’re big fans of superlearner Scott Young—hence our interview with him in Learning How to Learn. As Barb’s blurb on the book’s cover notes: “Ultralearning is the best book on learning I’ve ever read. It’s a beautifully written, brilliantly researched, and immediately useful masterpiece. If you are looking for the magic match to help light your learning, Ultralearning is it. If you want to learn anything, do yourself a favor and read this book. Now.” You can also find a special deal for pre-ordering here.

Taking Practice Tests—And Using Course Hero

Many instructors are loathe to give their students copies of their old tests. After all, good tests can be very time-consuming to develop. More than that, these tests sometimes involve tricks that  only the students who really understand the material will be able to figure out. (At least, that’s what many professors believe.) Good tests can be hard to develop in part because there are only so many tricks that professors have up their sleeves. But here is evidence from a great meta-analysis revealing that practice tests appear to beat everything else in helping students to learn effectively.

As a consequence, we’re strong supporters of Course Hero, a crowdsourced learning platform where students can find copies of old tests and other study materials to practice with—sometimes created by their own instructors.  Check it out—and let your college and high school student friends and relatives know about it!

Speaking of Course Hero…Barb Keynoting in Redwood City, California

Barb will be at the Course Hero Summit reception in Redwood City, California on the evening of June 18th, and conducting an afternoon workshop on June 19th.  If you are an educator, apply to attend!

Our Friend, 4-Time US Memory Champion Nelson Dellis in a fantastic new Netflix film

Nelson is featured in a fantastic new documentary on Netflix about memory competitions and techniques that really goes deep into the stories of some of the top mental athletes and who they are. Check out the trailer.

Small Breaks Can Be Important for Learning

Here is a very nice article by Matthew Warren in the British Psychological Society Research Digest that gives insight into why tiny breaks when learning motor skills are helpful. “The findings suggest that early improvements when learning a new skill are made ‘offline,’ during periods when the task isn’t actually being performed.” Is this approach perhaps also relevant to learning more cognitively-oriented subjects?  Is this why we sometimes find ourselves staring off into space as we work to assimilate a difficult idea? [Hat tip Joe Muskatel]

An Unfolding Book on Teaching  Traditional Math

Math teacher Barry Garelick has braved the waters of teaching math traditionally in a country that’s enamored of reform approaches. Read of his serialized adventures beginning here.

Forming the team for the delivery of Apprendre comment apprendre (ACA)

Formation de l’équipe VivAca chargée de la livraison d’ACA

Nous espérons lancer Apprendre comment apprendre, la nouvelle version française de LHTL, le 9 septembre 2019. ACA permettra aux apprenants de la Francophonie d’accéder au contenu, faire les quiz, participer aux forums de discussion, recevoir de l’aide et réaliser les travaux pour le certificat avec mention, et tout cela en français. Nous enclenchons aujourd’hui le processus de recrutement pour la formation de l’équipe bénévole VivAca qui se chargera de la livraison, de la promotion et de l’amélioration continue de la version française du cours. Nous voulons que cette équipe entre en fonction dès le 29 juillet 2019 afin qu’elle puisse se familiariser avec l’équipe, le contenu, la plateforme française et collaborer à la préparation du test bêta qui précède le lancement.

Si les apprentissages de LHTL ont fait une différence dans votre vie, si vous voulez contribuer à partager les apprentissages d’ACA au sein de la Francophonie en collaborant au sein de VivAca, nous vous invitons à soumettre votre candidature, d’ici le 10 juillet 2019, 12 PM EST en complétant et en soumettant le formulaire ici.

Nous espérons que VivAca soit représentative de la diversité au sein de la Francophonie.

Nicole Marie-Thérèse Charest Dr.sc.agr.

That’s all for this week. Have a happy week in Learning How to Learn!

Barb, Terry, and the entire Learning How to Learn team

Panama Canal

Posted on June 9, 2019 by - Uncategorized

Cheery Friday Greetings to our Learning How to Learners!

Book of the Week

Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal 1874-1914, by David McCullough. This is a fantastic book (a National Book Award winner) about the successes and disasters of both great and awful—and great-but-awful—leaders.  After the charismatic Ferdinand de Lesseps—the Steve Jobs of his day— spearheaded the successful construction of the Suez Canal, the French grew to adore de Lesseps’ ideas almost as much as de Lesseps himself did. (As Bill Gates has said “Success is a lousy teacher. It seduces smart people into thinking they cannot lose.”) De Lesseps’ desire to create another sea level Suez Canal in Panama ultimately doomed the project, killed thousands, and ruined tens of thousands more.  When the Americans subsequently took over, their initial leadership was worse than that of de Lesseps. That is, until John Frank Stevens (he of “Stevens Pass” in Washington State), took over. Between Stevens—who ultimately appeared to crack under the strain—and his successor, the very different, but equally effective George Goethals, the canal took shape. You’ll learn of Dr. William Gargas’s David against Goliath story competing against malaria, yellow fever, and perhaps worst of all, pig-headed bureaucrats. And you’ll get a sense of how the front line laborers, primarily from the West Indies, did the hardest work under appalling conditions.

Construction of the Panama Canal was the biggest construction project in history—of inestimable value in uniting the globe.  Its clever use of the fearsome Chagres River to provide the energy to run the locks is a lesson in elegant engineering. During our tour of the Canal last week, we were surprised to learn that the Panama Canal competes with the Suez Canal in bringing goods from the Far East to the Americas.  McCullough’s book gives a wonderful understanding of the main players and issues behind this extraordinary human feat of engineering.

If The Cuckoo Don’t Crow

LHTLer Susannah Rosenberg brings our attention to the 2-minute video “If The Cuckoo Don’t Crow,” which provides a wonderful example of a Suffolk accent while also telling the story of the expert who ignored the hurricane warning of an “amateur.” For a fun romp through more of the accents of England, watch voice coach Andrew Jack’s one and a half minute  “A tour of the British Isles in accents.” And here’s a three minute tutorial on how to do an Australian accent.

Annals of Great Research—Interleaving

We’ve always been fans of researcher Doug Rohrer and his work involving the importance of interleaving when learning various topics. (This approach is especially important in learning mathematically-based subjects.) Rohrer knocks it out of the park with his team’s gold-standard, pre-registered study “A randomized controlled trial of interleaved mathematics practice.” As the everyday English abstract notes:

“Every school day, many millions of mathematics students complete a set of practice problems that can be solved with the same strategy, such as adding fractions by finding a common denominator. In an alternative approach known as interleaved practice, practice problems are arranged so that no two consecutive problems can be solved by the same strategy, and this approach forces students to choose an appropriate strategy for each problem on the basis of the problem itself. We conducted a large randomized classroom study and found that a greater emphasis on interleaved practice dramatically improved test scores.”

Great stuff! [Hat tip: Ryan Stocker]

Cracks in the Ivory Tower

This insightful interview by Scott Jaschik of Inside Higher Ed with the authors of the new book Cracks in the Ivory Tower is well worth reading in full.  A few key grafs relate some of the author’s findings about universities:

“…the more financially insecure a department is—e.g., by having a high faculty-to-major ratio, declining enrollments, a bad job market or few opportunities for outside grants and revenue sources—the more often its classes seem to appear as gen-ed requirements. Also, mandatory gen-ed credits have gotten more stringent over the years—especially in writing composition, foreign languages and the ‘first-year experience’ classes that many universities now require. Keep in mind that in most universities, the more butts in seats, the more money your department gets. If you can’t get volunteers to take your classes, you can always force students to take the classes instead and say it’s for their own good. It’s also pretty easy to convince yourself it really is for their own good.

“A learning objective that looks good on paper ends up actually becoming a way to prop up departments that need enrollment, even though students are not learning much in their courses. And the students— or others—end up footing the bill through tuition payments on a largely ineffective product…

“Universities are perplexing places. They are filled with left-leaning faculty (like Jason) and even more left-leaning staff and administrators who profess a commitment to social justice. Yet most universities work hard to increase their status by becoming ever more exclusive and elitist. Universities are hierarchical in their own operations, and reinforce other social hierarchies in their outcomes. They serve as gatekeepers of prestige, power and status. Many top institutions have plenty of physical capacity to expand the number of students they admit, but they instead work to keep admissions rates and the number of undergraduates as low as possible, all to enhance the elite status of their brand.”

That’s all for this week. Have a happy week in Learning How to Learn!

Barb, Terry, and the entire Learning How to Learn team

 

Dreyer’s English

Posted on June 7, 2019 by - Uncategorized

Cheery Friday Greetings to our Learning How to Learners!

Book of the Week

Dreyer’s English: An Utterly Correct Guide to Clarity and Style, by Benjamin Dreyer, vice president, executive managing editor and copy chief of Random House.  Dreyer is one of the most delightfully droll writers of non-fiction we know of, full of wonderful little quips like “The only thing worse than the ungodly ‘incentivize’ is its satanic little sibling, ‘incent’.” You’ll learn of common mistakes in writing that cause editors to sigh, along with confusable words, trimmables, commonly misspelled names, and why it’s important to verify quotes. (If nothing else, Dreyer’s English taught us to try to be even more careful to verify.)  Barb always wondered why her American editors corrected her use of “towards” to “toward”—Dreyer explains why. Dreyer’s only flaw was that he tended to go off on irrelevant political tirades that will quickly date the book—a bit like holding a treasured glass of Château d’Yquem knowing you will have to fish gnats out to drink it.

Coincidences and Learning

Last year we met LHTLer Frode Hiorth in Oslo, Norway. Frode wrote about a strange coincidence involving last week’s book recommendation—Pakistan: A Hard Country.  Frode had had the book on his shelf for many years, and the day before the Cheery Friday email, he’d finally just taken it down and read a few chapters.  So he was very surprised to see the recommendation the next day! Frode notes: “In Oslo where I live we have quite a large Pakistani immigrant population, and I wish more Norwegians read more about Pakistan, because I think most people don’t know how many languages are spoken, how big the country is, etc.  Instead they (people from Oslo:-) sit in the back seat of a taxi with a Pakistani taxi driver without any idea that for instance Punjabi and Urdu are two different languages. If they instead had learned a bit more, the taxi-trips can be quite interesting:-)”

The Simple Trick to Memorize Anything

Yes, it’s 4-time US Memory Champion Nelson Dellis back with a simple back-to-basics video talking about the SEE-LINK-GO method he outlined in his terrific book Remember It! (Basically, it is Nelson’s 3 step foolproof method for memorizing all things).

Barb on The T-Shaped Podcast

Barb had a wonderful time talking to @RealGilbertLee on his “The T-Shaped Podcast.”  Their discussion ranged from Barb’s childhood to the Coursera course and much more!”

Sleep Is Important in Making Your Learning Last

Here is a fantastic paper in Science about how sleep enables the learning process to “get a grip” on your brain: “Rehearsal initiates systems memory consolidation, sleep makes it last.” The abstract neatly encapsulates why this research is so important. “The role of sleep therefore seems to go beyond providing additional rehearsal through memory trace reactivation, as previously thought. We conclude that repeated study induces systems consolidation, while sleep ensures that these transformations become stable and long lasting. Thus, sleep and repeated rehearsal jointly contribute to long-term memory consolidation.”[Hat tip Alan Woodruff, via npj Science of Learning Research Roundup.]

Israeli researchers discover sleep repairs DNA damage accumulated during our waking hours

And here’s an article by Naama Baraka in ISRAEL21c about another important study revealing why pretty much all critters need to sleep.  Study co-author Lior Appelbaum notes:

“During wakefulness, we accumulate DNA damage in the neurons in the brain…. It’s like potholes in the road. Roads accumulate wear and tear, especially during daytime rush hours, and it is most convenient and efficient to fix them at night, when there is light traffic.”

Appelbaum’s tips for having a good sleep are “To sleep regularly and on time and as much as needed. Not to delay sleep hours and not to have long sleep deprivations.” [Hat tip Rex Freriks]

Science says Silence is Much More Important to Our Brains than We Think

We’ve long been of the opinion that silence is golden (hence our occasional harping about loud restaurants.) This article shows there’s something healthy about silence: Key graf: “When you are not distracted by noise or goal-orientated tasks, there appears to be a quiet time that allows your conscious workspace to process things. During these periods of silence, your brain has the freedom it needs to discover its place in your internal and external world..” Okay, and now we’re left wanting to go to Finland. 😛

The Pros and Cons of Noise-Canceling Headphones

This article from the New York Times gives a good overview of noise-cancelling earphones.  We have a pair of the Bose QuietComfort 20s that reporter Geoffrey Morrison mentions, but frankly, for planes, we still prefer our bulky but virtually screaming-baby-proof 31 dB Peltor Earmuffs. (We’ve also learned to sleep in these travel essentials when wild parties erupt in the hotel room next door.)

Los tesoros ocultos de la neurociencia

Here’s an article written by Barb (for translation) that appeared in the Spanish magazine Telos.  Enjoy!

Rateforsuccess—a Way of Evaluating Videos

Gideon Isaac at Rateforsuccess.com has developed a website where an educator can put a video of a lecture on it (actually the video has to be on Vimeo or YouTube or Coursera, the website only stores links). Viewers can then comment at various points in the video, or give a numerical rating on various aspects (such as interest, or humor, or understanding, or agreement, or whatever else the professor has decided to ask for). These numerical ratings can be charted, and averaged, so that the professor has an idea of what parts of his lecture need to be worked on and improved or clarified.

If you are interested, Gideon would love for you to create an account on the site and try it out—it also works with text lectures.  Any suggestions would be appreciated.

That’s all for this week. Have a happy week in Learning How to Learn!

Barb, Terry, and the entire Learning How to Learn team

 

Pakistan

Posted on May 30, 2019 by - Uncategorized

Cheery Friday Greetings to our Learning How to Learners!

Pakistan: A Hard Country, by Anatol Lieven. Barb read this book preparation for her upcoming trip to Pakistan—but now that she’s read it, she’s realized what a comprehensive, thought-provoking, beautifully written book it is: truly a masterpiece of on-the-ground research. You may be surprised to discover ideas such as why sharia law is preferable for many Pakistanis to western (and often deeply corrupt) legal processes, and to learn just how deeply diverse Pakistan’s religious base is. Pakistan came together in a way almost guaranteed to make it a challenging country to govern—it can be difficult for outsiders to appreciate the dramatically diverse demands of the population.

Here’s a snippet of Lieven’s writing involving his journey through the little town of Shapqadar to do more interviews. “Bypass roads are unknown in small towns in Pakistan and we had made the mistake of travelling on a market day. Traffic jam doesn’t begin to describe the results – more like a double reef knot. The crossroads in the centre of town was a maelstrom of dust and exhaust fumes, apparently sucking into it cars, buses, trucks, scooter rickshaws, horse-carts, donkey-carts, men pushing carts, men on horseback and one understandably depressed-looking camel, all mixed up with a simply incredible number of people on foot for such a small town, as if the heavens had opened on a Sunday morning and rained humanity on Shapqadar. Out of the dust-shrouded mêlée the brightly painted lorries with their great carved wooden hoods loomed like war elephants in an ancient battle.”

Background research (and writing) doesn’t get any better than that. Lieven does his homework in knitting a comprehensive perspective of an extraordinary country. If you want to learn about the history, religions, government, and social mores of a critically important country on the global stage, you couldn’t do better than to read Lieven’s critically-acclaimed book.

Barb speaking in Pakistan and Panama

Pakistan

  • Islamabad: Brief keynote at 3:00 on June 12 in conjunction with the Higher Education Commission. To attend the Islamabad talk, RSVP with Ms Wajiha Hasan – whasan@hec.gov.pk.
  • Lahore: LUMS—a panel discussion at 3:30 pm June 13th, followed by a keynote at 5:00 pm.
  • Karachi:  Panel discussion at the Aga Khan University at 3:00 pm June 14th, followed by a keynote at 4:00 pm.

To attend the Lahore or Karachi talks, RSVP with minhal.sheikh@lums.edu.pk or marwa.mohkam@lums.edu.pk.

Panama

  • Barb will be in Panama City, Panama, speaking for senior executives of the Inter-American Development Bank with  HyperIsland about “Learning How to Change,” on the morning of June 5th.

A New Language Learning App, Rooted in Neuroscience

Gabriel Wyner is the author of one of our favorite books on language learning, Fluent Forever. (The Audible version is read by Gabriel himself.) He’s been building a language learning app rooted in the neuroscience of learning, and it just came out a month ago. Truth be told, it looks spectacular. There’s a two week free trial and he’s offering Cheery Friday readers an exclusive 40% off discount on a 2-year subscription (Use code ‘cheery40′), and 20% off of any other subscription (Use code ‘cheery20’), valid through 7/31.

A Lifetime Dream Achieved (and Barb Was There to See It!)

As you know, we’re big fans of the blog Online Learning Success, run by Pat Bowden—we frequently link to her articles.  When we were in Australia last week we got to meet up with Pat in Brisbane; we helped her achieve a lifetime dream!  Read all about it in Pat and Barb’s adventure here.  

An Interview with Barb at University of Technology Sydney about How to Make Videos More Engaging

Following her workshop at the University of Technology, Sydney, Barb gave an interview that summarized and dug deeper into some of the ideas. As Barb notes: “Quality videos add a lot to an online class. Yet instructors all too often create online classes by placing links and references online and telling students to have at it. When videos are made for such a class, they can be stultifyingly boring. But the advantages of learning through well-made video are obvious. Why should a student bother to become engaged if the professor can’t even be bothered to make worthwhile videos?”

Changing the Landscape of Local Learning—LHTL in Kazakhstan

Enterprising countries like Kazakhstan know that the future lies in learning—and teaching youth how to learn effectively is the best way to give the country a boost that will last lifetimes. Led by Edgravity e-learning company founder Aigerim Khafizova, Academia.kz and Edgravity have teamed together to create a truly Kazakh version of the Learning How to Learn course, starring education and development specialist Eskendir Bestai, physicist Ainur Koshkinbayeva and television presenter Talgat Almanov. The Kazakh course is not a simply a translation. As the head of academia.kz, Nartay Ashim, notes:

“Instead of translating the course, we thought that it’s better to create the course with Kazakh characters involving Kazakh children in the course. We tried to create (the course) close to the audience… We could have translated it adding subtitles, but it would have lost its ‘nativeness’.”

“The course will change the landscape of local education in two ways. First of all, it provides acclaimed learning techniques that will help every Kazakh speaking student master any field. Secondly, the Kazakh course is available for free and will be a great start in integrating online education to the lifestyle of local audience. These perspectives correlate with Edgravity’s value of promoting lifelong learning in Kazakhstan.”

Read about the course’s origins here, and check it out on either of the following two platforms:

 

That’s all for this week. Have a happy week in Learning How to Learn!

Barb, Terry, and the entire Learning How to Learn team

Checklist Manifesto

Posted on May 24, 2019 by - Uncategorized

Cheery Friday Greetings to our Learning How to Learners!

Books of the Week

  • Complications: A Surgeon’s Notes on an Imperfect Science, by Atul Gawande. We’ve often wondered about exactly who gets to be the guinea pig when surgeons first begin to branch out independently in their practice, or when they begin to use new procedures. After reading Gawande’s book, we realize we should have wondered about much more. How do experts make decisions in that amorphous period when someone’s dying, but there are a thousand and more reasons why—and different experts will have different opinions? Virtually every chapter of Gawande’s beautifully written book starts like a thriller. This is one of those books you can’t put down. A National Book Award finalist. [Recommended by Tom Hiebert, who points to Gawande’s quote: “Surgeons don’t believe in talent. They believe in practice.”]
  • The Checklist Manifesto, by Atul Gawande. Gawande is actually perhaps best known for The Checklist Manifesto, so, having read Complications and been converted into lifelong Gawande fans, we couldn’t resist picking up this important book. The biggest breakthroughs in life are often due to surprisingly simple ideas, and the Checklist Manifesto reveals how simple checklists make an extraordinary difference in industry after industry, including, as it turns out, surgery.  (Is it possible that checklists of the sort Gawande describes could help teachers as they lift students off for learning?) Great, thought-provoking book.

Memory Hacks for Medical Doctors

Shiv Gaglanico is simultaneously a medical and MBA student at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and Harvard Business School. His writing about using associations to remember key pieces of information is a good reminder for us all.  And notice, in medicine, the idea of “you can always just look it up” leads to poorer patient care.  For medical doctors and K-12 students alike, a foundation of knowledge in long-term memory is an essential part of learning.

How to Memorize the Morse Code

4-time US Champion Nelson Dellis is back, this time with a fantastic video that helps you to not only remember how Morse code looks, but remember what the code sounds like—the way the experts want you to remember it.  Wonderful, creative memory work at it’s best!

The Optimal Number of Children

Perhaps surprisingly, we’ve been asked our advice on having children. Having children is a pretty ducky thing to do, in our experience. 🙂  This wonderful, semi-tongue-in-cheek article from The Atlantic explores the optimal number of children to have.

Great (well, at Least Kinda Fun) Moments in Olive Oil Video Reviews

As you know, we here at LHTL are rather geeky about the physical and mental health effects of well-made extra virgin olive oil.  We enjoy watching the videos made by Dylan Ebbers of Olive Oil Lovers. Here’s a not-to-be-missed (if you’re into low key quirky olive oil nerdiness) video about the extra virgin olive oil ULIVA produced by Agraria Riva del Garda from the Province of Trento in Italy. (Meanwhile, we’ve been enjoying oil from all sorts of tiny cottage olive oil producers at farmers’ markets in Western Australia.)

How Smartphones Sabotage Your Brain’s Ability to Focus

This sharp video from Daniela Hernandez of the Wall Street Journal uses terrific visual metaphors to help you understand why you should step back and avoid letting smartphones dominate your life.

An Encouraging TED Talk about Language Learning

As this very nice TED talk by Lýdia Machová observes: “Want to learn a new language but feel daunted or unsure where to begin? You don’t need some special talent or a “language gene.” In an upbeat, inspiring talk, she reveals the secrets of polyglots (people who speak multiple languages) and shares four principles to help unlock your own hidden language talent—and have fun while doing it.”

That’s all for this week. Have a happy week in Learning How to Learn!

Barb, Terry, and the entire Learning How to Learn team

In A Sunburned Country

Posted on May 16, 2019 by - Uncategorized

Cheery Friday Greetings to our Learning How to Learners!

Book of the Month

In A Sunburned Country, by Bill Bryson. In years past, Barb has occasionally looked with concern at her husband as he would suddenly double over with a paroxysm of—well, she wasn’t sure what, but it didn’t seem healthy.  Gradually she came to learn that these paroxysms came about whenever her husband Phil was reading a Bill Bryson book. The laughter came so hard and heavy that he sometimes couldn’t breathe! Bryson is a master of doubling or tripling up on his humor. A story is funny at first. But then Bryson circles around later to hit it again from an unexpected angle. And then again.  The result is comedic depth that will swallow you whole.

Who could have ever guessed that a book about both the history and travel related to a country could be so funny? If there were a Nobel Prize for comedic travel-writing, Bryson would take the honor.  If you want to find a way to look in an upbeat way at the weird and wacky things that can happen during travel—or in life itself—you can do no better than to read Bill Bryson. This has just become our favorite travel and outlook-on-life book. Barb can assure you (despite the fact that she’s in Australia now), that you don’t actually need to be traveling to Australia to enjoy this great comedic, travel, and life classic.

Can People Learn Subjects Like How to Read As Adults?

This important paper—“Illiterate to literate: behavioural and cerebral changes induced by reading acquisition,” by Stanislas Dehaene and his colleagues, describes the changes in the brain that occur as a person learns to read.  Interestingly, even if a person learns to read as an adult, most of the same basic changes in the brain are observed, although there is some fascinating reorganization taking place in those who learn to read while they’re younger that doesn’t occur to the same degree in those who learn to read when they’re older.

How A Dance Book Relates to Online Learning

We can’t resist Pat Bowden’s (of the great blog Online Learning Success) review of the book Frou Frou to Fruition. Key grafs: “You don’t need to be a dancer to find this book useful. Written in a flowing, readable style, Frou Frou to Fruition incorporates a surprising amount of transferrable information. Although aimed at people involved in the dance industry, there are tips relevant to anyone trying to make a career as a performer, a teacher or a business owner. Kym Degenhart has done all three…

“Based on Kym’s own experiences as a dancer at the Moulin Rouge in Paris, and performing for other shows in various countries, the early chapters can help you define your own life goals, then set out to achieve them. Useful ways to deal with setbacks (unsuccessful auditions in this context) and how to cope with life in a foreign land are presented alongside Kym’s checklist for audition preparation. Many of these techniques can also help in other contexts. Think job interview instead of audition and you are on the right track.”

Abundance of information narrows our collective attention span

As this article notes: “The negative effects of social media and a hectic news cycle on our attention span has been an on-going discussion in recent years—but there’s been a lack of empirical data supporting claims of a ‘social acceleration’. A new study in Nature Communications finds that our collective attention span is indeed narrowing, and that this effect occurs – not only on social media – but also across diverse domains including books, web searches, movie popularity, and more.” The graph at the beginning of the article says it all.

Learning by Teaching

This article re-emphasizes the value of learning through teaching.  But of course, we already knew that from the research we cited several weeks ago that revealed the value of teaching appears to involve its use of retrieval practice. 🙂 [Hat tip: Tom Pinit.]

Playful Learning

This article from the Brookings Institution evaluates “playful learning” approaches around the world.  There’s a multitude of ideas here, but see the key graf: “Though the methods of evaluation used may vary, it is crucial that the intervention assessed is related to the stated objectives, rather than simply providing information on activities undertaken. Few playful learning innovations in the catalog have made their evaluation results and data publicly available—just 202 (11 percent) have publicly available data on their external evaluations… In addition, only 633 (33 percent) [of] innovations have shared data on cost or cost-effectiveness. Making evaluation and cost-effectiveness data widely available is a crucial step in the formation of a knowledge base on innovations in education and will provide immense support to interventions seeking to scale up their operations. [Hat tip Enrique Planells.]

That’s all for this week. Have a happy week in Learning How to Learn!

Barb, Terry, and the entire Learning How to Learn team

The Education of Eva Moskowitz

Posted on May 9, 2019 by - Uncategorized

Cheery Friday Greetings to our Learning How to Learners!

Book of the Week

The Education of Eva Moskowitz: A Memoir, by Eva Moskowitz.  What a wonderful and eye-opening book about the educational system! Eva Moskowitz is a take-no-prisoners, never-blink pioneer in the K-12 sector. A lifelong Democrat, Moskowitz understands politics through her participation at a variety of levels. She came to the conclusion that education was the place where her natural talents could have the biggest impact, because it was most in need of reform. If you want to truly understand the pernicious effects that American education-related unions have had on students’ access to quality education, read this book. Moskowitz names names of the cabal of successfully sinister leaders who have succeeded in harming children and wasting hundreds of millions of taxpayer dollars through subterfuge and intimidation, all under the guise of helping children.

Unions can do important and valuable work, but if you think unions and their leaders are always good, you might read  I Heard You Paint Houses, about the Teamsters and their notoriously “disappeared” leader Jimmy Hoffa. Incidentally, in Barb’s experience, teachers unions in other countries can be far more common-sense supportive of students themselves, instead of just teachers.

Moskowitz’s book also shows how one should take newspaper reporting on education by ideologically, rather than factually, motivated journalists with a boatload of salt. With people like Moskowitz involved, there’s hope for the disadvantaged students most in need of a sound education. [Hat tip, Roman Hardgrave.]

Three habits of good learners

As this explanation and video snippet about learning by Barb, Terry, and Greg reveal, good learners have a few particularly useful habits. This comes via the Times Educational Supplement—one of Britain’s best educational publications.

Are You In Alice Springs, Australia?

If you are in Alice Springs, and you’d like to join Barb for dinner at 6:00 pm today (May 10th), please drop her an email at oakley@oakland.edu.

With Flip of a Giant Ceremonial Switch, CMU Starts Effort to Energize ‘Learning Engineering’

As Jeff Young describes in this EdSurge article, Carnegie Mellon University is making $100 million dollar software freely available to help professors to improve their teaching. “The idea is that each semester, professors will create hypotheses for what might lead to better learning in their courses, adapt their course materials to try to achieve that result, monitor student behavior to see if it worked, and then analyze the results and make adjustments based on what happened.”

The Case for Doing Nothing

Yes, as this New York Times article by Olga Mecking notes, it’s healthy to sit around doing nothing sometimes, letting the diffuse mode reign.  (As Barb writes this, she’s pausing for minutes at a time to glance around the Sydney airport, soak in the Australian accents, and enjoy her coffee.) [Hat tip, Joe Muskatel.]

Flowtime—an alternative to the Pomodoro

Barb never has a problem with the alarm of the Pomodoro Technique disrupting her work. This is because she turns her computer sound off, so the timer goes off, and if Barb is in the flow, she can just keep going. But there are other methods people use to overcome the problem of the timer sound breaking the flow. Here, for example, is a discussion of Zoë Read-Bivens’ Flowtime Technique—an alternative to the Pomodoro Technique for people who dislike Pomodoro’s alarms, as well as other related methods. [Hat tip: Rafa Mayer]

An Inspirational Message from a LHTLer

“Learning How to Learn is the most meaningful course I have ever taken. It gave me a new, powerful, mental tool.

“I decided to take the course for three main reasons. First, I wanted to know how to study more efficiently. I was feeling utterly exhausted after having taken a series of accounting classes. I had been studying all day long every day to get A’s. Second, I wanted to better retain what I learn. Sometimes I would forget details presented early in a course by the time I took the final exam. Lastly, I wanted to keep a good balance between study and life. I had sacrificed or minimized my interaction with my family and friends. Learning should be fun.

“I learned three things through this course that can help me study efficiently, effectively and with less frustration. Number one is that I learned how to utilize my brain. Our brains are amazing. They are working constantly even we are sleeping. Next, I learned how important to visualize the concept by using metaphors or analogies, and explain it to myself and others. That helps strengthen and internalize what I learned. Finally, I learned that we can change our lives by changing our thoughts. Our brains will continue to grow when we try to learn something new.

“During my next accounting course, I will try to listen to the stories the numbers are trying to tell me like a forensics accountant who can look beyond the numbers and uncover the facts. Also, I will do better at finding classmates who can work together.

“One last thing; I will keep learning. No matter how great the new mind tool is, it will rust if I don’t use it.”

—Chizu Kobayashi

That’s all for this week. Have a happy week in Learning How to Learn!

Barb, Terry, and the entire Learning How to Learn team

The War of Art

Posted on May 2, 2019 by - Uncategorized

Cheery Friday Greetings to our Learning How to Learners!

Book of the Week

The War of Art: Break Through the Blocks and Win Your Inner Creative Battles, by Steven Pressfield. This short book reframes your creative work, whatever that might be, as war. The battle goes to the most cunning! Pressman has the street cred to write a book of this sort—it took him 17 years of writing to get his first paycheck, but his debut novel, The Legend of Bagger Vance, became the film directed by Robert Redford and starring Matt Damon, Will Smith and Charlize Theron. Pressfield graduated from Duke, and has been a U.S. Marine, an advertising copywriter, schoolteacher, tractor-trailer driver, bartender, oilfield roustabout, attendant in a mental hospital and screenwriter. He’s our kind of guy, in other words. This is also a good book for audio. (Two free audiobooks may be possible through this link.)

Rein in the Four Horsemen of Irreproducibility in Scientific Research

This outstanding essay by Dorothy Bishop in Nature describes the most common problems in scientific research: “…many researchers persist in working in a way almost guaranteed not to deliver meaningful results. They ride with what I refer to as the four horsemen of the reproducibility apocalypse: publication bias, low statistical power, P-value hacking and HARKing (hypothesizing after results are known). My generation and the one before us have done little to rein these in.”

Barb on New Zealand Television

Catch a quick vignette of Barb on “The AM Show” in Auckland, New Zealand.  Duncan needed encouragement, and Barb provides! To her surprise, the conversation about learning veered unexpectedly into pathologies of altruism.

Tips for the Test

As this explanation and video snippet about learning by Barb, Terry, and Greg reveal, “Techniques such as the ‘hard start’ can be transformative for students.” This comes via the Times Educational Supplement—one of Britain’s best educational publications.

Good News for Older Folks from Research

This interesting article from The Scientist reveals “Using very strict protocols to preserve and process the brain tissue samples, Llorens-Martín and her colleagues identified thousands of immature neurons in the dentate gyrus—a part of the hippocampus related to memory-making—in neurologically healthy humans, even when they are in their eighties. ‘It is another strong piece of evidence that indeed there is adult neurogenesis in older people,’ Zhao says.

A Shout-Out to Your Favorite Coursera Instructors—and Mindshift Makes Course of the Week!

If you’d like, give a shout-out to your favorite Coursera instructors.  This is also a great site to visit to get ideas for the next MOOC you’d like to take.

AND our Mindshift MOOC makes the Coursera Community Course of the Week! If you haven’t taken Mindshift yet, you’re in for a treat!

Learn More about the Coursera Community

Pat Bowden of Online Learning Success is always full of insight into the world of MOOCs. Her post on the Coursera Community site is useful for anyone who loves Coursera MOOCs.

Trying to Learn Russian?

We’re fans of Olly Richards’ approaches to language learning. Olly has just published a wonderful compendium of advice for learning Russian. As Olly notes: “Russia is a major political and economic player in the world. It has a rich history dating back to Rus’, or Ruthenia, in the 11th century. Especially in recent years, the country has featured in the news often for a number of reasons.

“And yet, there seems to be a lack of interest in the West to truly understand Russia, its people, and its culture. People seem to confuse the politics of the country with its spirit. Learning Russian can help you get past this and uncover the “real” Russia for yourself.

“But of course, Russian is not only spoken in Russia. It is the official language of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. It is widely spoken in the Baltics, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia.”

Check out Olly’s great article! Having recently been in Azerbaijan, Barb vouches for the fact that a little Russian can go a long way in former Soviet bloc countries. (Coming up this fall, Barb heads to Kazakhstan!)

Grappling with New Ways to Tackle Completion Rates

Several weeks ago, we mentioned the challenge of completion of both books and MOOCs.  Reader Francis Miller has blogged about this problem, at least in relation to books. He suggests providing “multiple levels of content so, if learners are only to spend, say, an hour on a MOOC or book, they are able to get a summary of the whole picture rather than all the detail of a small part of it.” Francis notes: “Christopher Alexander, the well-known architectural thinker, attempted to do this in his 1979 book The Timeless Way of Building where he has italicized text passages at the beginning, end and throughout each chapter in order to help readers get an overview of the ideas in the book.

Francis has written more about Christopher Alexander’s approach here.  Francis notes: “I don’t think Alexander’s solution is necessarily the most effective as it’s relatively hard work turning all the 549 pages in order to read his italicized passages! If you’re interested in alternative approaches to multi-level content, I’ve written about them here.”

That’s all for this week. Have a happy week in Learning How to Learn!

Barb, Terry, and the entire Learning How to Learn team

Ten Caesars and brain zapping

Posted on April 26, 2019 by - Uncategorized

Cheery Friday Greetings to our Learning How to Learners!

Book of the Week

We greatly enjoyed the book Ten Caesars: Roman Emperors from Augustus to Constantine by Barry Strauss. We’ve long been interested in the Roman empire, and it was a lot of fun romping through Strauss’s explanation of the Game-of-Thrones-like atmosphere that permeated the shenanigans of the various regimes.  By focusing on ten of Rome’s most important rulers, Strauss cuts through the dizzying array of lesser figures who were perpetually offing one another, to instead give us a feel for the men and behind-the-scenes women who shaped history. Augustus, Trajan, Hadrian, Marcus Aurelius, Constantine—you may have heard the names, but Ten Caesars will help flesh them out and connect the dots between, so you can better understand an ancient world that, in surprising ways, held similarities to our own.

Learning by teaching others is extremely effective—a new study tested a key reason why

This important article in Research Digest provides insight into a question that’s bedeviled teachers over the years—why is teaching others such an effective strategy for learning?  Here are the key grafs:

“The critical finding is that the teaching-without-notes group outperformed the group that had spent the same time completing arithmetic problems and the group that had taught from a script, but so too did the group who simply spent the same time retrieving what they’d learned. In fact, the final comprehension performance of the teaching-without-notes group and the retrieval-practice group was comparable.

“The researchers said their results suggest that ‘the benefits of the learning-by-teaching strategy are attributable to retrieval practice; that is, the robust learning-by-teaching strategy works but only when the teaching involves retrieving the taught materials.’

“The new findings don’t undermine the notion of teaching as an effect learning method, but they have practical implications for how the learning-by-teaching approach is applied in education and training. ‘In order to insure that students and tutors learn and retain the educational material that they have prepared and presented in class, they ought to internalize the to-be-presented material prior to communicating it to an audience, rather than rely on study notes during the presentation process,’ the researchers said.”

Learning the NATO Phonetic Alphabet System—and getting practice with memory images

Barb learned the NATO Phonetic Alphabet 35 years ago in Army boot camp, and she’s been surprised at how often it’s come in handy since then. The alphabet makes it much faster and easier to spell words out for people over the phone. Here’s 4-time US Memory Champion Nelson Dellis with a delightful video to help you quickly master this simple system. What’s particularly nice about this video is it gives you a good sense of how Nelson is able to quickly devise his memory tools. Nelson’s approaches will help speed your own memory tool making.

More news about how exercise enhances our ability to learn

Blood platelets have long been thought to be too busy clotting blood and diddling with the immune system to be involved in much of anything else.  But it turns out these rascals have other tricks up their tiny little protein-laden sleeves—tricks that can improve our ability to learn and remember. In this article in The Scientist, neurogenesis expert Vince Topepe notes: ““We all know about the positive effect of exercise on the brain and other organ systems, but what the actual mechanism is to promote new neuron production is still a bit of a mystery…This [research] is quite interesting in that they’ve identified a player—these platelets and platelet-derived factors that are circulating in the blood after exercise—that might be a mediator of this effect.”

Avoiding mental overload

As Barb, Terry, and Greg reveal in this video snippet, and the accompanying article—if we are to learn effectively, we need to guard against situations (like tests!) where we’re trying to put together too much unfamiliar information at once.

FDA OKs first medical device to treat ADHD in children

This intriguing new approach to treating ADHD merits attention despite its potential drawbacks.  “Designated for children ages 7 to 12 who are not currently on medication for the disorder, the device delivers a low-level electrical pulse to the parts of the brain responsible for ADHD symptoms.”

Brain zaps boost memory in people over 60

Another study has revealed that “Zapping the brains of people over 60 with a mild electrical current improved a form of memory enough that they performed like people in their 20s.” The current allowed the prefrontal cortex and the left temporal cortex to fall more easily back into a matching pattern. As researcher Robert Reinhart observed: “The results provided new evidence that a breakdown in that communication causes the loss of working memory with age.”

We just want a version of the device that we can plop onto our head when we’re sipping coffee in the morning to help jump-start us even faster.

That’s all for this week. Have a happy week in Learning How to Learn!

Barb, Terry, and the entire Learning How to Learn team

Dakotas, gardens, and procrastination

Posted on April 19, 2019 by - Uncategorized

Cheery Friday Greetings to our Learning How to Learners!

Books of the Week

In the past few months, we dipped back and forth between two completely different books about local history—one book centering on the Caucasus, and the other set in the Dakotas.

  • Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War, by Thomas de Waal. What a revelation to find a book that can even-handedly parse one of the most gut-wrenching wars of the late 20th century. De Waal doesn’t take the easy way out in his conclusions about the cause of this disastrous, still-unresolved conflict, which could set the spark for future world war. This book about an important, but often neglected, area of the world is well-worth reading.
  • Dakota: The Story of the Northern Plains, by Norman K. Risjord  We’re guessing that, unless you live in North or South Dakota, that you haven’t necessarily had a yen to discover the history of that area.  But you’re missing a treat with this book’s perspective on a little-known, sparsely populated area of the US. Risjord’s “big picture” perspective starts with the geology of the Dakotas, which leads to the earliest traces and growing presence of Native Americans in the area. Onwards the narrative goes to the French and American expeditions, revealing the area’s connection with Canada. As with elsewhere in the US, governmental intervention was devastating for the Native American tribes of the Dakotas—Risjord lays out the blatant scheming and corruption, which carried through to the Swedish and other immigrants.  An insightful look at the history of one of the most beautiful, but less-often-visited, areas in the US.

An Effortless Way to Improve Your Memory

This outstanding article in BBC Future summarizes recent research findings that reveal doing nothing at all for a brief period after initially learning something can help memory processes to better assimilate the material. (See also “Brief wakeful resting boosts new memories over the long term,” and “Enhanced Brain Correlations during Rest Are Related to Memory for Recent Experiences.”)

Could this be related to why cooperative learning techniques, where instructors ask students to work in groups to grapple with material that’s just been taught, can be helpful?  Those with higher working memory capacity can usually follow right along with the lecture, and then lead the group’s conversation during the group discussion. Those with lower capacity working memory can follow along with the group’s discussion, but not focus as intently on the conversation, which might allow their hippocampi to go to work processing the information and offloading their hippocampal buffers. Incidentally, there is some evidence that the more time you spend focusing, the more you may suppress the default mode network, and thus may suppress consolidation—that is, making sense of and creating memories related to the material.

Intriguing stuff, all of this—it will be fascinating to see what future research will reveal!

Procrastination Makes The New York Times

Here’s an interesting article about procrastination by the Charlotte Lieberman in the New York Times. But all of the experts Lieberman interviews avoid mention of the Pomodoro Technique, a favorite of LHTLers. Perhaps that’s what happens when a powerful mental tool is so simple, and is developed by a design consultant with a masters degree like Francesco Cirillo, instead of by a prominent psychologist, business professor, or New York Times best-selling author. (Academics, much like lawyers, can sometimes have incentives to “complexify” matters.) Cirillo’s simple technique makes use of some of the best of what we’re finding from neuroscience—such as, as noted in the above paragraph, researchers have found that taking brief periods of rest helps the brain to consolidate the material. And of course, knowing you’re going to get a reward at the end of your period of focus, as with the Pomodoro technique, is a powerful incentive.

Slow learning can be better learning

As this explanation and video snippet about learning by Barb, Terry, and Greg reveal, “Those with poorer working memories can actually be at an advantage.” This is via the Times Educational Supplement—one of Britain’s best educational publications.

An optimal way to structure your workday

We like this article by Dr. Travis Bradberry that talks about how to structure your workday. There’s a bit of misleading implication that an 8-hour approach is wrong-headed, but the reality is, even extended, 8 hour days can be very productive if they are broken up between periods of intense focus and more “diffuse mode” type breaks. [Hat tip Kyle Marcroft]

Zimbabwe and Hyperinflation: Who Wants to Be a Trillionaire?

If you want to see some great editing of educational video—not to mention some very intriguing subject-matter, you’ll enjoy MRU’s short video on the causes of hyperinflation. Check out the course itself. Who knew macroeconomics could be so fun?

Moments in Great Teaching

If you want to see great teaching in action, watch this three-minute video of Anant Agarwal teaching an electronic circuits class.  We’ve never seen a cooler use for a chainsaw. Want to learn circuits themselves? You couldn’t do better than to check out EdX’s Circuits and Electronics 1: Basic Circuit Analysis.

The Essential Ingredient for a ‘Deep Education’

This wonderful article by Shannon Watkins at the James G. Martin Center for Academic Renewal describes the deep friendship between Harvard University philosopher Cornel West and Princeton philosopher Robert P. George. The two hold vastly different political beliefs while maintaining their strong friendship—a fantastic example for today’s society.

Schools Need to Teach Kids How Not to Be Offended, Educator Pleads

This short article about describes the work of educator Irshad Manji. Key grafs: “Discussions about what is and isn’t ‘politically correct’ have dominated social media in recent years, but Manji believes ‘giving offense is the price of diversity, not an impediment to diversity.’”

“This is why she suggests schools should teach the next generation of adults — who will undoubtedly be debating politics and other polarizing issues — how not to feel insulted when faced with differing viewpoints.”

How to Remember Coursework

This insightful essay by Pat Bowden of Online Learning Success provides a handy checklist of ways to ensure the MOOCs and courses you take stick in your long term memory.

That’s all for this week. Have a happy week in Learning How to Learn!

Barb, Terry, and the entire Learning How to Learn team